What Is Amphetamine?

If you or a loved one struggles with prescription drug misuse, you may be wondering, what is amphetamine?

Amphetamine, a powerful central nervous system stimulant drug, raises levels of pleasure chemicals in the user’s brain. The flood of chemicals causes extreme pleasure, calmness and suppresses appetite. The drug relaxes some people and energizes others. Repeated drug use causes the brain to adapt to higher levels of chemicals. As a result, the user gets agitated, depressed and uncomfortable when they don’t have the drug. Signs of amphetamine use include anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, and brain damage. Users most commonly snort, inject or smoke amphetamine.

Amphetamine abuse can result in short and long-term side effects. Please reach out to a drug addiction treatment center if you or a loved one misuses amphetamines.

Amphetamine Use Disorder and Addiction

What is amphetamine used for? Amphetamine is a prescription drug used to treat attention deficit disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity. But if these prescriptions are misused, they lead to significant problems.

Regular use of amphetamine usually causes severe addiction. Addicts usually take the drug in larger amounts and for longer periods of time than they intend; wanting to cut down or quit the drug but not being able to; spending a lot of time obtaining the drug; craving or a strong desire to use the drug; repeatedly unable to carry out responsibilities at work, school, or home due to amphetamine use; continuing use of the drug despite social problems caused or made worse by use; stopping or reducing important social, work, or fun activities due to using.

Recurrent use of the drug in physically hazardous situations is also a sign of addiction; consistent use of the drug despite knowledge of physical or psychological difficulties from using; physical tolerance as defined by a need for increasing amounts of the drug to achieve intoxication or less effect with continuing use of the drug; and physical withdrawal symptoms or substance use to avoid withdrawal.

Treatment for Amphetamine Addiction and Abuse

Moderate to severe amphetamine use disorder and amphetamine addiction usually requires brief detoxification and inpatient treatment at a partner facility, in the beginning, to support quitting. Accordingly, inpatient treatment separates the user from the drug and related stressors and triggers. After initial medical detoxification and inpatient stabilization, levels of care for continued treatment for amphetamine addiction are assessed with six dimensions:

1. Acute intoxication or withdrawal potential
2. Biomedical conditions and complications
3. Emotional, behavioral, or cognitive conditions and complications
4. Readiness to change
5. Relapse or continued use, continued problem potential
6. Recovery environment

Based on the severity of the amphetamine use disorder and the findings of the 6-dimension assessment, experts recommend treatment based on levels of care:

1. Inpatient drug rehab
2. Recovery residences
3. Outpatient drug treatment program
4. Follow-up and drug monitoring

Experts recommend extended programs life-skills, coping-skills, dual-disorders and “sober housing” to augment basic treatment. Research shows that the best long term results, when treating amphetamine addiction occur by starting with a minimum of 90-days of intensive/primary treatment, before reducing intensity. Afterward, experts usually recommend structured recovery-support for two years, while the brain continues to recover and restore normal functioning.

What is Amphetamine’s Effects on the Brain?

Do you know what it is like to be distracted by something so much that it was hard for you to stop looking at it? Pre-occupied with hunger and unable to focus on anything but your growling stomach? Stuck in your thoughts about a relationship? Ever just want to “change the channel” but you couldn’t? Yes? Multiply that feeling by 10 or 100. Amphetamine addiction is like that, it “hijacks” the reward center of the brain. Think of it this way, eating a meal or being with someone you love feels good, right? Well, just imagine that good feeling . . . now multiply it times 10 . . . now times 100. Imagine how great that would feel.

That’s what using amphetamine can feel like to an addicted person. Using the drug elicits extreme and temporary pleasure. It also elicits extreme and lasting mental pre-occupation.

For someone addicted to amphetamine, the pursuit of that pleasure becomes all-consuming. As a result, pleasure-chemicals supercharge certain brain connections, while the connections between good judgment and behavior become much weaker.

The Defensive Brain

As addiction takes hold, the thinking part of the brain gets pre-occupied with obtaining the “super-pleasure” provided by the drug. The addicted brain responds to the idea of cutting back or quitting the drug as a threat to survival. The using brain quickly dismisses the idea, rationalizing and justifying reasons for continued use. The brain crafts excuses, making continued drug use seem like the right thing to do. Addicts still think. It is just that the thinking and problem-solving part of the addict’s brain becomes more and more driven to figure out how to keep using the drug, no matter what. Eventually, the obsession with using takes over all the brain’s resources.

Final Thoughts: What is Amphetamine?

Trying to quit amphetamine feels like deprivation of food or ending an important relationship. Without proper treatment, structure, and support, most people relapse. The pursuit of the “super-pleasure” is all-consuming. Regular amphetamine use changes the brain’s chemistry and structure. But with the right treatment and follow-up, normal brain-function will be restored over time. Contact BoardPrep Recovery Center^® for the following programs:

• Men’s and women’s rehab programs
• Partial hospitalization program (PHP)
• Young adult rehab program
• Addiction therapy services
• Dual diagnosis treatment

With rigorous treatment, diligent follow-up, and supportive monitoring, lasting recovery becomes possible. Call 866.796.4720 today with any questions about amphetamine addiction treatment.